What distinguishes complex carbohydrates from simple carbohydrates?

Complex carbohydrates are defined by the number of sugar units they contain, which sets them apart from simple carbohydrates. Specifically, complex carbohydrates are made up of multiple sugar molecules (polysaccharides), whereas simple carbohydrates consist of one or two sugar units (monosaccharides or disaccharides). This structural difference influences their digestion and absorption in the body.

Complex carbohydrates, such as those found in whole grains, legumes, and vegetables, usually take longer to digest because of their longer chain of sugar units. This slower digestion leads to a more gradual release of glucose into the bloodstream, providing sustained energy and often contributing to better overall satiety.

In contrast, simple carbohydrates are quickly absorbed, leading to immediate spikes in blood sugar levels. This characteristic is pivotal in understanding how various carbohydrate types can affect energy levels and metabolic responses. Understanding the distinction based on the number of sugar units helps in making informed dietary choices that prioritize energy sustainability and overall health.