What is gluconeogenesis?

Gluconeogenesis is a critical metabolic pathway in which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. This process primarily occurs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. It is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or heavy exercise when dietary glucose is not available. Non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids, glycerol (from fats), and lactate can be converted into glucose, ensuring a continuous supply of this vital energy source for cells, particularly for those in the brain and red blood cells, which rely heavily on glucose for energy.

This process plays a significant role in metabolic homeostasis, allowing the body to adapt to various physiological states when immediate glucose from dietary sources is lacking. Understanding gluconeogenesis is crucial for grasping overall carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation within the body.