What is the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance?

Food allergies and food intolerances are distinctly different conditions that involve the body's response to certain foods, and the correct answer highlights these differences. Food allergies are characterized by an immune response where the body mistakenly identifies a harmless protein (allergen) as a threat. This triggers an immune reaction, which can involve the release of histamines and other chemicals that lead to symptoms ranging from hives and swelling to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction.

In contrast, food intolerances primarily involve the digestive system and do not involve an immune response. Intolerances occur when the body lacks the necessary enzymes to properly digest certain foods, leading to symptoms such as bloating, gas, and digestive discomfort. Lactose intolerance, for example, is a common condition where individuals do not produce enough lactase, the enzyme required to digest lactose found in dairy products.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for managing dietary issues effectively and ensuring proper treatment. Recognizing the immune-mediated nature of food allergies versus the digestive nature of food intolerances allows for appropriate lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions.