What type of sugar is lactose composed of?

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar that is specifically composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. When lactose is ingested, it is broken down in the body by the enzyme lactase, which separates it into its components. This breakdown is crucial for proper digestion, especially in individuals who consume dairy products since lactose is the main sugar found in milk.

The significance of this composition lies in how each of the monosaccharides functions within the body. Glucose is a primary energy source for the body’s cells, while galactose is important for various biological processes and can be converted to glucose in the liver when needed. Understanding this structure helps in recognizing the nutritional implications of lactose and its role in the diet, particularly for individuals who may be lactose intolerant, meaning they have difficulty digesting lactose due to low levels of lactase.